Medication dispensing identifier system

ABSTRACT

A surveillance system for monitoring the dispensing of prescribed medication to insure that the proper patient is, in fact, being administered the prescribed medication and dosage, and that the patient for whom the medication is prescribed is so identified, before the medication is administered. To assure that the proper patient is receiving the prescribed medication, both a photograph and a description of the medication and dosage is imprinted on a label affixed to any means used to transport the medication to the patient. The label may also contain other vital patient information such as patient allergies and anticipated adverse reactions to the medication and other instructions for the well being of the patient.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates, in general, to both a system and an associatedprocess for the proper identification of medication, and moreparticularly to the use and the application of particular unique indiciato any one of a number of medication dispensing containers to assurethat only the patient for whom the the medication was prescribed, willreceive only his medication.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It has become increasingly apparent that, with the rising numbers ofelderly people requiring frequent medication, and with the increasingreliance of the medical profession, on occasion, to dispense a pluralityof drugs to alleviate specific symptoms, extreme care must be exercisedin order that the patient receive the prescribed medication. To furthercomplicate the present situation of elderly people residing in resthomes or convalescent centers, the duty of dispensing the medicationfrequently falls on inexperienced, and often under paid orderlies orunpaid volunteers who often lack the professionalism of a registerednurse and thus, could not thus assure that the patient will receive theproper and required medication in a timely fashion.

One medication prescreening method, that is a common and acceptedpractice in the medical services profession, requires that a nurse, orother professional, prepare a tray with, for example, the patients nameand room number written on a slip of paper to be included on the tray.

The prescribed medication, usually in a cup or other suitable container,is then brought to the patient to whom the medication is dispensed, inaccordance with the instructions issued by the prescribing physician.The physician usually relies on the nurse to further observe the patientto see if there have been any untoward side effect brought on by themedication. The instructions are usually left at the attending nursesstation on the patients chart. If the doctor anticipates an allergic oradverse reaction to the prescribed drug or a combination of drugs, thistoo will be noted for the attending nurse who will be asked to observeany patient reaction, and to to take an appropriate action. This mode ofoperation may be adequate for those situations where the nurses workload is sufficiently small and all of the patients are known to and arerecognized by the person dispensing the medication.

In the situations where the patient-recipient, to whom the medication isto be dispensed, is not known to the nurse or orderly, or where thenurses work load is sufficiently heavy so as to introduce an element ofunfamiliarity or lack of acquaintance with both the patient-recipientand the medication the patient is required to have, then there is thepossibility that the patient will not receive the medication intendedand instead, will receive the medication intended for another.Obviously, this is a situation to be avoided at all costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The subject medication dispensing identifying system, and an associatedmethod of implementing the system is directed to a close and accuratesurveillance of both the medication and the person to whom themedication is dispensed. This may be done, in one embodiment, byaffixing a photograph of the patient to either (or to both) thecontainer, in the form of a label, or may be affixed to the patientmedication card, divider card, medication storage segments, chart,records card, or any combination of the above, in order to assure boththe patient, the doctor and the nurse, that the patient is, in fact,receiving the correct medication.

In another embodiment, when the patient is admitted and a non-removableidentifying wrist band is initially issued, the wrist band will have adistinctively coded, machine readable portion imprinted thereon and, ifdesired, it may also include a computer generated likeness or aminiature photograph of the patient. In addition to having the usualinformation printed on the wrist band, such as the name of the patient,date of admission and etc., a coded portion may include otherinformation vital to the well being of the patient. This codedinformation may list known allergies or adverse drug reactions, the nameof a person to be notified in the event of an emergency, or an unlistedtelephone number for the attending physician as well as a codedphotograph of the patient. The coded information may easily be stored ina computer bank for easy and quick retrieval.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 details one embodiment of my novel medication dispensingidentifier indicating a typical label which may be attached to either adispensing vial, as shown, or affixed to a medication card or othermedication storage segment;

FIG. 2 is one embodiment of my novel identifier indicating how the codenumber identifier is applied to a typical hospital wrist band; and,

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an operative embodiment of my novel medicationdispensing identifier, setting forth an improved, cost effective andtime saving method that will achieve fool proof and positive patientidentification during medication dispensing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The expression "code number", as hereinafter used, refers to anydistinctively coded, machine readable data and is meant to include anyone, or any combination of the following: numbers that have been printedwith magnetic ink; any "bar code" system such as the verticallyarranged, parallel bars, used in supermarkets to identify the variousitems for sale; the bars used by the Postal Service to designate thevarious ZIP codes; any concentrically arranged circles forming a "bullseye", as well as any other coded data, provided it is in a machinereadable format.

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is depicted an example of a label 12,that might be affixed to a vial 10 or any other means for containingmedication for a patient. A portion of label 12 has photograph 14imprinted thereon, while information portion 16, occupying the remainderof label 12, is imprinted with any required vital information that mayrelate to possible allergic patient reactions to the drug or medicationbeing administered, as well as any other symptom that should bemonitored by the nurse.

It will be understood by those skilled in the nursing and medicalprofessions that the proposed information listed above is given by wayof example and it is not intended to be limited solely to the examplesmentioned.

The above information should ideally be obtained from the patient andthe attending physician upon admission of the patient into the carefacility and stored in a computer memory bank for future use. Once thevital information is obtained and stored, the patient and the vitalinformation may then be identified by a distinctive, machine readablecode number that may be in the form of a bar code, for example, and eachtime it is desired to access the computer for the patient history orallergy reactions, one merely has to enter the patients code number oreven his name, and a printout ot the patients vital information historyas well as a computer generated photographic likeness is immediatelyavailable in the form of a printout. This may be easily accomplished byinserting an appropriate machine bar code on the typical, plastic wristband. As shown in FIG. 2, a wrist band 18 has the name of the patient20, the patients room 22 and the code number 24 imprinted thereon. Thus,any time that the patient information is needed, such as in anemergency, it is merely necessary to bring a portable bar code reader tothe patient, scan the code number on his wrist band and, in a matter ofseconds, a printout will be obtained. Such emergency may arise, forexample, when a patient becomes severely disoriented and wanders awayfrom his room to an unfamiliar part of the facility. Any nurse would beable to read the bar codes on the wrist band of the disoriented patientand quickly determine who he is, where he should be and who should benotified.

In any event, the bar code information serves the additional function ofmonitoring the timely dispensing of the medication by having the barcode scanned and an additional coded input made to the computerindicating that the medication has been dispensed, at which time, thecomputer may enter the time and date in order to keep track of both thetime and the cumulative dosage of the drug.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a flow chart of one embodimentof a medication identifier and monitoring system to achieve optimumresults for both identifying the patient and for assuring that thepatient will be administered the correct dosage of medication, at theproper time and that an accurate record will be kept of the cumulativedosage. This is done initially by making a keyboard entry 26 of thepatient information at the time the patient is admitted, or if thepatient had previously been at the facility, the earlier obtained datais updated to include any new information that may now be pertinent.This keyboard entry enters the information into the computer systemmemory bank. A photograph is then taken of the patient that is scannedand, as is well known in the art, the photographic information thusobtained is converted to machine language that is able to reproduce thephotograph on demand. This photographic data, together with thepreviously obtained patient information is assimilated by the computerand converted into a code number (in both alpha numeric form as well asa bar code) that is assigned 28 exclusively to the patient. Once thecode number is determined, the code number, in bar code form, isimprinted 30 on a wrist band together with other data, such as the nameof the patient, the room number and etc., (FIG. 2). An initial codenumber printout is then generated 32 in both alpha numeric and bar codeform, with patient information and a copy of the patient photograph,(FIG. 1).

When it is necessary to administer medication to a patient, one has theoption of either making a keyboard entry 26 of either the patient codenumber or name into the computer memory or by scanning the patient wristband 34 with a bar code reader. In either event, the computer willprovide a printout 32 which will indicate the proper medication, therequired dose, the time to administer the medication, together with aphotograph of the patient for positive identification, to assure thatthe proper patient is receiving the prescribed medication at thedesignated time. As an additional check, the wrist band may be scanned asecond time, 36 as the patient takes the medication. In the alternative,the nurse may provide another coded input to the computer when themedicaction has been administered to the patient, to indicate that thepatient has, in fact, taken the medication. In either situation, thecomputer will record the time the medication was administered.

While the foregoing exegesis has been set forth in terms of a medicationdispensing identifier and an associated system for maintaining a medicalsurveillance of dispensed medication, I do not wish to be so limited. Itwill now be apparent that my identifier has equal applicability to anysystem for monitoring stockrooms, and the like, or wherever it isdesired to monitor and/or maintain a surveillance over any material thatis being dispensed to specific people, on a regular basis.

What I claim is:
 1. A medication dispensing system for maintaining aclose surveillance over a patient for whom the medication is solelyintended and prescribed medication to be dispensed to the patient,comprising:means initially recording and storing a photograph of thepatient for whom the medication is solely intended; means initiallyrecording and storing vital patient information concerning theprescribed patient medication and the dosage thereof; label means; meanscreating and imprinting on the label:(a) a visual record of the storedphotograph, for comparison with the patient to whom the medication is tobe dispensed, before any medication is dispensed; and (b) a visiblyreadable printout of the stored vital patient information; a containerfor transporting to the patient, the prescribed medication as describedin the printout; the imprinted label affixed to the container; the meansfor recording and storing the photograph and vital patient informationcomprises a computer system having both the patient photograph and thepatient vital information recorded and stored therein for subsequentretrieval; the computer system generating a uniquely distinctive,machine readable code number, which code number corresponds to thepreviously stored patient photograph and vital information; means forprinting either the machine readable code number or the patientphotograph and visibly readable vital patient information on the label;an identifier band fixable around a limb of the patient; the band havingthe uniquely distinctive, machine readable code number and a photographof the patient imprinted thereon; the code number corresponding to thestored computer photograph and vital patient information; and means forreading the code number on the identifier band, to recreate thephotograph and information stored in the computer system.
 2. Thedispensing system of claim 1, wherein the label is affixed to acontainer selected from the group consisting of a vial, a patientmedication card, a medication storage segment, or any combinationthereof, to assure the patient and the person administering themedication that the medication indicated in the vital patientinformation is being given to the patient appearing in the photograph onthe label.
 3. A system for maintaining a close surveillance over both apatient for whom a specific medication is solely intended and themedication and dosage thereof, comprising:a label having imprintedthereon:(a) a photograph of the patient, to identify the patient, beforethe specific medication is dispensed; and (b) a printout of themedication to be dispensed and the dosage thereof; a container fortransporting to the patient, the medication described in the printout;the label affixed to the container; a computer system for initiallyrecording and storing both the photograph of the patient and themedication and dosage information, for later printout on the label; thecomputer system generating a uniquely distinctive, machine readable codenumber, which code number corresponds to the previously stored patientphotograph and medication and dosage information; a identifier bandfixable around a limb of the patient; the band having the uniquelydistinctive, machine readable code number and a photograph of thepatient imprinted thereon for patient identification; and means forreading the code number on the identifier band, to recreate the patientphotograph and medication and dosage information stored in the computersystem.
 4. The dispensing system of claim 3, wherein the label isaffixed to a container selected from the group consisting of a vial, apatient medication card, a medication storage segment, or anycombination thereof, to assure the patient and the person administeringthe medication that the medication indicated in the vital patientinformation is being given to the patient appearing in the photograph onthe label.